There
are so many things in this universe which, of course, is virtually impossible
to prove with the help of relevant data in a convincing way. Some conjecture,
some science theory can give some idea about those things. Since there is no
direct evidence on all these matters, it is not possible for anyone to directly
deny these facts or incidents. Today we are going to discuss a theoretical
issue whose existence is in the pen and paper but there is no way to prove it
practically, at least not yet. Today we are talking about Wormhole.
When
we discuss about wormhole, we have to go back to the second decade of the last
century. In 1928, the German theoretical physicist and mathematician Hermann
Weyl first published a theorem on the subject. At that time, of course, the
subject was expressed as a one-dimensional tube-like shape. In 1935, the
greatest physicist of that century Albert Einstein and his German colleague
Nathan Rosen published their research paper on the subject. Later, in 1957, the
term 'Wormhole' was first introduced by the American theoretical physicist John
Archibald Wheeler and his colleague Charles Mason in their joint research
paper. In honor of Einstein and Rosen, the wormhole was given the official name
Einstein-Rosen Bridge.
We
know that the black hole is the final consequence of a massive star. What
happens then? What happens inside the black hole? We did not know the answers
to many more such questions either indirectly or directly. Theoretical
physicists say that the black hole is not the end of everything but shows the
way to another universe. Hidden in the abyss of this black hole are wormholes.
It is said that if a thick paper is considered as a two-dimensional structure,
then the wormhole is like a very small hole in the structure. Just as that hole
makes a connection between two different surfaces of paper, so a wormhole makes
a connection between two different universes. It can also be thought that if
the two distant separate points of the paper are touched by folding the paper
then some idea about the wormhole can be obtained. Again, from a scientific
point of view, if we try to say very simply, then time changes with the change
of space in space. But if there were spatial differences between the two
farthest points in space (there must be a few light-years or parsecs) and if
their time are the same and if that time are connected by a line, then that
line would be naturally curved and take the shape of a tube. This tube is
called the Einstein-Rosen Bridge.
The
wormholes through which it is possible to go in both directions are called
their Traversable Wormhole although U.S. scientist Kip Thorne mentions one-way wormhole
in his research paper. However, there is no reason to think that wormholes
should be gigantic in size in the universe. The existence of temporary
wormholes is first mentioned in a joint study by John Archibald Wheeler and his
American co-researcher, Robert Fuller in 1962. However, the existence of any
type of wormhole depends on the concentration of the negative substance. It is
pertinent to mention here that in the whole universe there is a special kind of
energy beyond the Dark Energy which is called the Vacuum Energy of matter.
According to some theories of physics, the total energy of matter in certain
regions of the universe is much less than its vacuum energy, resulting in the
emergence of matter with negative energy. This phenomenon is called Casimir
Effect. But it is still not known or understood how the total energy decreases
and the causes of this negative energy to increase. According to this theory,
very small wormholes are created in space and then disappear. However, it is
not yet clear to us whether Dark Energy or Dark Matter has any effect on the
case of giant permanent wormholes. In addition to negative energy, Fermionic
Particles, particles with low mass, are thought to play a significant role in
the formation of wormholes.
Einstein's
General Theory of Relativity is a very important theory in physics. Part of
that theory is Einstein's Field-Equation, which deals with the distribution of
matter in spacetime. (Spacetime: A four-dimensional mathematical
model combining one-dimensional time with three-dimensional space for space
research) This theory recognizes wormhole. Here the wormhole is said to be
the connecting point of two distant places in space. Particles of matter that
pass through the black hole come out through the white hole through the
wormhole, that is to say move from one universe to the other around it. From
this it can be said that the black hole and the white hole have two separate
internal parts and these two parts are connected to each other through
wormholes. Inside these wormholes, the inner parts of two separate holes
coexist.
There
was a disagreement as to whether the exotic material that came into the black
hole was needed to form the wormhole. In 1989, a group of scientists claimed
that there was no need for exotic material in a black hole to form a wormhole.
According to them, this kind of wormhole has been formed naturally since our
universe was in its initial state just after the Big Bang. Sometime later, some
of the scientists completely refuted the previous theory, saying that exotic
matter must be needed to form the wormhole inside the black hole. Leading the
team was our Indian scientist Amal Kumar Raychowdhuri. In order to give
universal recognition to his opinion, his thought has been given the name of ‘Raychowdhuri's
Theorem’.
It
has already been said that wormhole can be a means of traveling space and time
in this universe. This may be due to the fact that an object becomes
mathematically superluminal as it travels through wormhole. Superluminal refers
to substances whose velocity is greater than the velocity of light. Since
wormholes can shorten the distance between two points located at great
distances across the universe, it may be possible to use traversing wormholes
as a means of time travel or a time machine. This can be done in two ways.
Firstly, the velocity of the object must be greater than the velocity of light,
and secondly, the gravitational force of the edge from which the substance
enters the wormhole must be greatly increased over the other end and brought
back to its original state by advancing slightly toward the other end. As a
result of these two approaches, the time between the wormholes will be outstretched
than the outside and the time will be extremely slow. As a result of this
phenomenon, the age of the objects inside the wormhole can be reduced compared
to the time outside the wormhole. One of the limitations of this medium,
however, is that time and space must travel within a certain boundary through
the wormhole, because how far anything can go or go back in time depends
entirely on the length of the wormhole.
One
of the most popular branches of physics is Quantum physics. According to this
quantum theory, wormhole not only makes it possible to cope with the time that is
travelled, it also lets to travel to our neighboring parallel universe. Since
it is possible to travel faster than time to the surrounding universe through
this medium, the wormhole, inside the black hole, is called the Penrose
Diagram.
There was a time when various science fiction tales, dramas and novels talked about going to another universe. One of the most interesting topics in literature at that time was wormhole. But now it seems that the illusory entrance of that fantasy world may have got some reality after science. Science is now saying that the existence of wormholes may not be merely imaginary now. It has been established by the formula of science. Scientist Kip Throne, in a joint study with his co-researcher Frank Tipler, went a step further and claimed that in the future it may be possible to create artificial wormhole. Just because we cannot see or establish contact does not mean that the parallel universe is illusory. Different scientists have presented various theories and information in favour of multiverse or parallel universes from time to time (Link to know more about parallel universe is given: https://spacejagat.blogspot.com/2021/04/mystery-of-universe-are-parallel.html)
So we cannot deny the means of communication with that unseen unknown world. This may be the only way to go to the interstellar, intergalactic and interuniversal journey. Scientists believe that there are countless wormholes in the universe that can range from a few millimeters to hundreds of crore of light years. These wormholes may exist in some other dimension, but since our eyes cannot perceive any dimensional structure other than two-dimensional and three-dimensional structure, we may not perceive the presence of these cosmic objects. Like other subjects of this cosmology, this wormhole may remain behind our eyes forever. The only evidence for its presence is some scientific theory and a few printed papers.
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